Arcinoma and cirrhosis accounting for 2 from the continent’s annual deaths (Anna and Michael, 2007). The report of Anna and Michael (2007) couldn’t be connected with all the frequency of occurrence of HBsAg as this can be among the list of criteria for recruiting the individuals for the study, although serum HBsAg has been reported to persist in sufferers with an impaired immune response (Kumar and Clark, 2002). Kobayashi et al (2002) reported that out of the 637 individuals, 323 (50.7 ), 51 (eight.0 ) and 97 (15.two ) have been constructive for HIV Ab, HBsAg and HCV Ab, respectively. Even though prevalence of HBV was significantly greater in HIV-positive patients (10.five ; 34/323) than in HIV-negative ones (five.4 ; 17/314) (p=0.026), prevalence of HCV was drastically reduced in HIV-positive sufferers (12.1 ; 39/323) than in HIV-negative ones (18.5 ). It was also reported that two sufferers have been triply infected with HIV, HBV and HCV, and a single patient was dually infected with HBV and HCV. They recommended that HIV infection could be a co-factor for HBV infection, but that HCV infection might happen independently of HIV infection. This study also revealed proof of HBsAg seropositive individuals co-infected with HIV or HCV (Table four). The 11 (7.3 ) with the previously HBsAg seropositive patients that have been identified to become nd HBsAg seronegative through the two bleeding (Tables 1,2,3 and 4) . This really is attributable to the reality that HBsAg may very well be cleared just after a minimum of 6 months (Ryan and Ray, 2004). Greater frequency of occurrence of HBeAg was located in icteric and preicteric individuals than the posticteric patients and greater incidence of anti-HBe in posticteric patients than the pre and icteric patients. This could possibly be connected with all the severity of hepatitis B in pre and icteric patients as HBeAg has been associated with high level of Hepatitis B virus and severity of hepatitis B (Ryan and Ray, 2004). Moreover, through the second bleeding with the sufferers, the results obtained have been the reverse on the above. These may very well be a pathological condition, altered immunity, co-infection, clinicalstResearch Articleinterventions and body standard Aminopeptidase P2 Protein site reaction to infections (Kumar and Clark, 2002). Moreover, the anti-HCV was located to become much more in posticteric than the icteric patients have been and none from the preicteric patients expressed anti-HCV. Extra anti- HIV was found in post icteric than the icteric individuals were. Higher frequency of occurrence was also located in icteric than the preicteric individuals. These findings could be attributed towards the truth that coinfection of Hepatitis B virus with HCV or HIV could be identified in hepatitis B patients as they share prevalent routes of infection (Ryan and Ray, 2004; CROI, 2008). The co-infection can also be consistent with the reports of Christy et al (2004), Mustapha and Jubrin (2004) and Uneke et al (2005). Higher frequency of anti-HBe inside the males than the female patients isn’t in agreement with all the report of Mario et al (1982) that males showed a greater prevalence of antiHBs and anti-HBc, even though anti-HBe was additional widespread in females. It can be having said that in agreement with the report of Uneke et al (2005) that identified a slightly greater HBsAg seroprevalence inside the males (14.six ) than females (12.9 ) of your blood donors. Among the HIV-infected sufferers, the males had considerably greater HBsAg seroprevalence than the females (31.eight vs 22.1 ) together with the highest prevalence of HBsAg occurring within the 51-60 years age group (44 ), followed by those of 31-40 years (28.2 ). The HIV co-infection obtained in this study is co.
