Is definitely an antiplatelet therapy which is broadly applied in pre and post percutaneous (PCI) MAPK13 manufacturer coronary intervention procedures to prevent platelet aggregation and stent restenosis. However, there is a wide interindividual variation in clopidogrel response and a few individuals showed resistance against the activity of Clopidogrel. Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) gene is responsible for the transcription of vascular endothelial development aspect receptor 2 (VEGFR2) that plays a major function in the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to find out the association of KDR rs1870377 genotype with clopidogrel resistance (CR) in CVD individuals, of Iraqi Arabic origin, hospitalized for elective PCI. Materials and techniques: This study was a case-control study using a total of 324 PCI individuals. Those individuals have been classified into 213 patients with non-clopidogrel resistant and 111 sufferers with CR, depending on the evaluation of platelet activity phenotype just after clopidogrel administration. KDR rs1870377 was genotyped for all individuals utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and confirmed by DNA Snger a sequencing through CDK6 Synonyms applying Biosystems Model (ABI3730x1). Outcomes: KDR rs1870377 SNP is strongly related (Chi-sqaure, p vale 0.05) with CR beneath dominant, codominant and recessive models. In addition, A allele within the rs1870377 SNP might have an effect around the serum levels of VEGFR2 and low density lipoprotein. Conclusions: KDR rs1870377 SNP is usually a potential genetic biomarker of CR amongst CVD sufferers of Iraqi Arabic origin. Additional clinical studies, with bigger sample, are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.1. Introduction Clopidogrel exhibits important variability in its response ranging from over activity that may possibly bring about bleeding to loss of function that causes important adverse cardiovascular events [1]. Despite the fact that clopidogrel is still essentially the most frequent irreversible antagonist of adenine diphosphate receptor employed to inhibit platelet aggregation in percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI) and cardiovascular illness (CAD) patients [2], it has been reported that the main reason for the failure of PCI could be the formation of platelet aggregation despite the use of clopidogrel within the therapy regimen [3]. The loss in the clopidogrel action phenomenon is referred to as clopidogrel resistance (CR), and this situation is attributed mainly to drug interaction, some ailments as diabetes mellitus, and genetic variants in genes associated to the kinetics and dynamics of clopidogrel [4,5]. Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Al Awaida). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06251 Received 23 October 2020; Received in revised form eight January 2021; Accepted 7 February 2021 2405-8440/2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This really is an open access post below the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).W. Al Awaida et al.Heliyon 7 (2021) eRecent research clarified the strong association of atherosclerosis as well as the occurrence of CAD with a genetic variant inside the Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene, particularly the rs1870377 variant that accountable for transcription of vascular endothelial development aspect 2 (VEGFR2) receptor in vascular endothelial cells [6]. The VEGFR2 receptor plays a substantial role in atherogenesis and platelet aggregation [7,8]. KDR gene is located on chromosome 4q12. The VEGFR2 receptor consists of 1356 amino acids, along with the KD.
