Increases as a consequence of a lower in the power harvested by person
Increases due to a reduce inside the power harvested by individual PRUs plus the difference inside the energy consumed by person PRUs (refer to Figure 8). In contrast, when the numbers of PRUs are larger than 10 and 14, respectively, the fairness index for residual power of REE-MAC increases as the Tasisulam Data Sheet number of PRUs increases. Because the number of PRUs increases, the energy harvested by individual PRUs decreases, and the variety of PRUs inside the freezing state increases accordingly. PRUs in the freezing state carry out only WET operations till their residual energy reaches the active threshold. For that reason, as the residual power of many PRUs in the freezing state approaches the active threshold, the fairness index for residual energy increases.2 xi i Fres n , n xii(23)Sensors 2021, 21,exactly where n will be the number of PRUs and x i would be the fairness parameter, which represents the residual energy on the i-th PRU.18 of(a)(b)Figure ten. Fairness index for residual power: (a) packet sizesize100100 bytes; packet size of 200200 bytes. Figure ten. Fairness index for residual energy: (a) packet of of bytes; (b) (b) packet size of bytes.However, in FF-WPT and HE-MAC, the fairness index for residual power decreases because the variety of PRUs in the network increases. As depicted in Figure 7, the gap in transmission possibilities in between PRUs increases because the average freezing time of PRUs increases. This gap increases the difference involving the power consumed by person PRUs. As a result, the fairness index for residual energy gradually decreases as the difference between the residual power of individual PRUs increases. Icosabutate Formula Quantitatively, when the PRUs transmit 100- and 200-byte packets, the fairness index for residual power of REE-MAC is 95.34 and 116.23 higher than that of FF-WPT, respectively. It’s also 165.88 and 276.00 higher compared with that of HE-MAC, respectively. Figure 11a,b illustrate the fairness index for throughput for 100- and 200-byte packets, respectively. The fairness index for throughput (Fth ) may be calculated by Equation (24). y2 i Fth =i nn y2 ii =n,(24)se the average freezing time of PRUs increases due to the reduce in the power vested by individual PRUs. HE-MAC exhibits a greater fairness index for throughput than FF-WPT regardless of packet size. In HE-MAC, PRUs which can be not within the freezing state preserve comparable reSensors 2021, the harvest-then-transmit scheme, and hence they have a fairly 19 of 21 ual energy by way of 21, 7617 ilar transmission opportunity. Quantitatively, when the PRUs transmit 100- and byte packets, the fairness index for throughput of REE-MAC is 98.58 and 91.80 her than that of FF-WPT, respectively. It’s also 44.46 and 55.91 higher compared where n is definitely the number of PRUs and yi is the fairness parameter indicating the number of h HE-MAC, respectively. information packets that the i-th PRU transmits towards the PTU. (a)(a)(b)Figure (a) packet size of for throughput: (a) size of 200 bytes. Figure 11. Fairness index for throughput: 11. Fairness index100 bytes; (b) packetpacket size of 100 bytes; (b) packet size ofIn each case5. Conclusions of 100- and 200-byte packets, REE-MAC maintains the fairness index for throughputs of 0.924 and 0.956 or greater, respectively, no matter the amount of PRUs. This paper presents the REE-MAC protocol for WPSNs, which aims to As the variety of PRUs increases, the power harvested by person PRUs decreases and overhead due to control messages for scheduling the WET operation and prov the difference.
