Id (0.064 , w/v), oxalate (0.052 , min and EDTA acid resolution composed 40 min. The acid-treated seaweeds had been then washed and with an (0.012 , w/v) for anotherof sulfuric acid (0.064 , w/v), oxalate (0.052 , w/v), and soaked with water for another 40 min. The acid-treated seaweeds were then washed and EDTA (0.012 , w/v) until neutral. The next major step was the bleaching processes. The seaweeds with soaked in neutral. The subsequent important step was the w/v) for processes. The and soaked were water untilsodium hypochlorite remedy (0.1 ,bleaching40 min, washed, seaweeds have been soaked in sodium hypochlorite option (0.1 , w/v) for 40 min, washed, and soaked with water until neutral. Finally, the seaweeds (Vwater:Wseaweeds = 20:1) were heated to 9502 till the seaweeds had been absolutely dissolved. The seaweed extracts had been then stress PF-06873600 Technical Information filtered, dehydrated, and dried. The specific course of action is shown in Figure 1. Samples had been obtained following performing each procedure (alkali therapy, acidifi-Mar. Drugs 2021, 19,15 ofand soaked with water until neutral. Finally, the seaweeds (Vwater :Wseaweeds = 20:1) have been heated to 9502 C till the seaweeds had been entirely dissolved. The seaweed extracts have been then pressure filtered, dehydrated, and dried. The distinct procedure is shown in Figure 1. Samples have been obtained after performing every procedure (alkali treatment, acidification, and bleaching) and rinsing. Then, the samples have been dried in a 50 C blast dryer to constant weight, and weighed to ascertain the loss rate of seaweed, agar yield, along with other physicochemical properties. Moreover, the treated seaweed samples collected had been freeze-dried and scanned by an electron microscope to observe the alterations in seaweed following each process. three.two.2. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Agar The seaweeds (30 g) have been very first soaked in cellulase options (4 U/mL, Vcellulase:Wseaweeds = 20:1) at 50 C for 1 h. Soon after enzyme remedy, the seaweeds were treated with sodium hydroxide option (3 w/v, VNaOH :Wseaweeds = 20:1) at 87 C for 3 h. The seaweeds had been then washed and soaked with water until VBIT-4 Autophagy neutral pH. The seaweeds had been acidified in one step, i.e., the seaweeds were impregnated in acid solution composed of sulfuric acid (0.016 , w/v), oxalate (0.016 , w/v), and EDTA (0.012 , w/v) for 20 min. The acid-treated seaweeds have been then washed and soaked with water until neutral pH. Thereafter, the seaweeds have been soaked in sodium hypochlorite answer (0.06 , w/v) for 20 min and after that washed and soaked with water until neutral. Finally, the seaweeds (Vwater :Wseaweeds = 20:1) have been heated to 9502 C until the seaweeds have been entirely dissolved. The seaweed extracts had been then pressure filtered, dehydrated, and dried. three.2.3. Enzymatic-Extraction of Agar The seaweeds (30 g) had been 1st soaked in cellulase solutions (8 U/mL, Vcellulase:Wseaweeds = 20:1) at 50 C for 3 h. Just after enzyme therapy, the seaweeds have been acidified in one step, which is, the seaweeds were impregnated in acid answer composed of sulfuric acid (0.05 , w/v), oxalate (0.05 , w/v), and EDTA (0.012 , w/v) for 40 min. The acid-treated seaweeds were then washed and soaked with water until neutral. Immediately after that, the seaweeds had been soaked in sodium hypochlorite remedy (0.25 , w/v) for 20 min and after that washed and soaked with water till neutral. Lastly, the seaweeds (Vwater :Wseaweeds = 20:1) were heated to 9502 C until the seaweeds have been completely dissolved. The seaweed extracts have been then pressure filtered, dehydrated, and.
