E have been collected after sequen4 of 19 tially remedy with alkali, acid, and bleaching remedies. The treated seaweeds had been rinsed, freeze-dried, and photographed for analysis. The surface morphology of algae following freeze-drying is shown in Figure two. The surface of algae without any remedy showed a thick cell wall composed of cellulose and presented thick folds with cracks soon after freeze cell wall composed of cellulose and presented thick folds with cracks following freeze drying drying 2A2 ,A3 2A2,A3). Following alkali remedy, erosion destroys the algal epidermis and (Figure (Figure ). Following alkali treatment, alkali alkali erosion destroys the algal epidermis and dissolves and destroys the cell wall on the porpoise, the cortex cortex around the surface dissolves and destroys the cell wall from the finless finless porpoise, theon the surface of algal of algal thinner, thinner, as well as the are cells are dissolved and turn out to be a disordered and becomesbecomes plus the pith cellspithbroken orbroken or dissolved and grow to be a disorloose incomplete incomplete cell structure. Because of this, cracks kind onof algae andof algae dered and loose cell structure. Consequently, cracks form on the surface the surface “white spots” are visible [19]. visible [19]. The on the surfacethethe finless porpoise are removed, and “white spots” are the thick folds thick folds on of surface with the finless porpoise are revealing the uneven network with much more gaps, that is because of is on account of the desulfuration removed, revealing the uneven network with far more gaps, which the desulfuration caused by alkali therapy, resulting inside the enhanced interconnection of polysaccharide chains triggered by alkali remedy, resulting in the enhanced interconnection of polysaccharide (Figure (Figure) 2B2,B3) [14].remedy VBIT-4 Autophagy additional destroyed the cell wall, the cell membrane chains 2B2 ,B3 [14]. Acid Acid remedy further destroyed the cell wall, the cell memwas dissolved, the cell wall wall of medulla was broken, and also the alga was softened.This brane was dissolved, the cell of medulla was broken, plus the alga was softened. This really serious damage for the cell wall is effective for the dissolution of agar during hot water really serious harm for the cell wall is valuable for the dissolution of agar for the duration of hot water extraction, thereby rising agar yield. As shown in Figure 2C22,, the cell wall structure extraction, thereby increasing agar yield. As shown in Figure 2C the cell wall structure of alga was destroyed essentially, as well as the reticular groove structure of agar on the surface of alga was destroyed essentially, and also the reticular groove structure of agar around the surface with the algal physique was also destroyed and presented a state of smooth concave uplift (Figof the algal physique was also destroyed and presented a state of smooth concave uplift (Figure 32CDuring bleaching, the the gelatinous layer the the surfacealga was further deure 2C ). 3 ). Throughout bleaching, gelatinous layer on on surface of of alga was additional destroyed on account of the acidicenvironment and robust oxidation of the bleaching remedy; stroyed on account of the acidic atmosphere and sturdy oxidation on the bleaching resolution; therefore, the uneven surface from the algae progressively becomes smoother (Figure 2D22). Hence, thus, the uneven surface with the algae gradually becomes smoother (Figure 2D ). Thus, given the look of G. lemaneiformis, the alkali DNQX disodium salt Autophagy extraction reflected a process of gradual offered the look of G. lemaneiformis, the alkali extraction.
