Of more spindleshaped cells, a denser tissue matrix, GS-5816 site better vascularity and better organization of the collagen fibers (Figure 1D-F). P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.AngiogenesisWe observed excessive angiogenesis 14 days and 28 days after Achilles tendon injury in both groups. Forty-two days after injury, angiogenesis decreased in both the hMSC-treatedMachova Urdzikova et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2014, 13:42 http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/13/1/Page 9 ofFigure 2 Graphs. (A-D) Graphes showing the time course of the semiquantitativly evaluated intensity of the extracellular matrix. (A, B) Intensity of collagen I and collagen III staining reached statistical significance 4 and 6 weeks after tendon injury (p < 0.05) (C, D) Aggrecan and versican semiquantitative grading showed no statistical differences between the hMSC-treated and control groups (E) Hematoxylin end eosin stained sections were evaluated for different criteria (linearity of their fibre structure, the shape of the tendon cells, the density of the tendon cells, inflammation, hemorrhage, and the thickness of the epitenon) and cumulative score are presented in the graph showing that hMSC-treated tendons had significantly higher scores 6 weeks after tendon injury (F). The number of blood vessels per mm2 in the center of the lesion was calculated 2 and 6 weeks after tendon injury; neovascularization significantly increased in the hMSC-treated tendons.and the saline-injected groups (Figure 2F). The number of RECA-positive vessels per mm2 was significantly higher in the hMSC-treated group 14 and 28 days post-injury, while no difference between the groups was observed 42 days after Achilles tendon injury (P < 0.05).OsteogenesisWe analysed osteogenesis within the damaged or treated tendons using Alizarin red stained sections. In 2 controls (20 ) and 6 hMSC-treated animals (55 ), there wereMachova Urdzikova et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2014, 13:42 http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/13/1/Page 10 ofdeposits of calcified bone matrix of about 1 mm in the tendons. These bone deposits were surrounded by a thin layer of hyalinous cartilage (Figure 1H).Biomechanical testingThe mechanically evaluated samples were divided into four groups. Group A contained intact tendons, while Group B contained tendons with a collagenase-induced lesion that was not treated by hMSC transplantation (operated). Group C contained intact tendons, and Group D contained lesioned tendons treated with an application of hMSCs. Groups A and B were taken from the same animal (left and right leg), SKF-96365 (hydrochloride) custom synthesis Similarly Groups C and D. The final mean peak force values assessed at tendon failure are listed in Table 3. The mean peak force values at failure of the operated tendons not treated with an application of hMSCs (Group B) were about PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25768400 the same as the values for the intact tendons (Group A); Mann hitney post hoc test (p = 0.05), for an illustration see Figure 3A. Similarly, the mean peak force values at failure of surgically operated tendons treated with an application of hMSCs (Group D) were about the same as the values for the intact tendons (Group C); Mann hitney post hoc test (p = 0.05). The ratios of the peak force at failure (B/A and D/C) were calculated for further verification of the influence of hMSC treatment (see Figure 3B). In Figure 3B, Group I represents the peak force ratios of hMSC-untreated defects, and Group II represents the peak force rati.Of more spindleshaped cells, a denser tissue matrix, better vascularity and better organization of the collagen fibers (Figure 1D-F). P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.AngiogenesisWe observed excessive angiogenesis 14 days and 28 days after Achilles tendon injury in both groups. Forty-two days after injury, angiogenesis decreased in both the hMSC-treatedMachova Urdzikova et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2014, 13:42 http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/13/1/Page 9 ofFigure 2 Graphs. (A-D) Graphes showing the time course of the semiquantitativly evaluated intensity of the extracellular matrix. (A, B) Intensity of collagen I and collagen III staining reached statistical significance 4 and 6 weeks after tendon injury (p < 0.05) (C, D) Aggrecan and versican semiquantitative grading showed no statistical differences between the hMSC-treated and control groups (E) Hematoxylin end eosin stained sections were evaluated for different criteria (linearity of their fibre structure, the shape of the tendon cells, the density of the tendon cells, inflammation, hemorrhage, and the thickness of the epitenon) and cumulative score are presented in the graph showing that hMSC-treated tendons had significantly higher scores 6 weeks after tendon injury (F). The number of blood vessels per mm2 in the center of the lesion was calculated 2 and 6 weeks after tendon injury; neovascularization significantly increased in the hMSC-treated tendons.and the saline-injected groups (Figure 2F). The number of RECA-positive vessels per mm2 was significantly higher in the hMSC-treated group 14 and 28 days post-injury, while no difference between the groups was observed 42 days after Achilles tendon injury (P < 0.05).OsteogenesisWe analysed osteogenesis within the damaged or treated tendons using Alizarin red stained sections. In 2 controls (20 ) and 6 hMSC-treated animals (55 ), there wereMachova Urdzikova et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2014, 13:42 http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/13/1/Page 10 ofdeposits of calcified bone matrix of about 1 mm in the tendons. These bone deposits were surrounded by a thin layer of hyalinous cartilage (Figure 1H).Biomechanical testingThe mechanically evaluated samples were divided into four groups. Group A contained intact tendons, while Group B contained tendons with a collagenase-induced lesion that was not treated by hMSC transplantation (operated). Group C contained intact tendons, and Group D contained lesioned tendons treated with an application of hMSCs. Groups A and B were taken from the same animal (left and right leg), similarly Groups C and D. The final mean peak force values assessed at tendon failure are listed in Table 3. The mean peak force values at failure of the operated tendons not treated with an application of hMSCs (Group B) were about PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25768400 the same as the values for the intact tendons (Group A); Mann hitney post hoc test (p = 0.05), for an illustration see Figure 3A. Similarly, the mean peak force values at failure of surgically operated tendons treated with an application of hMSCs (Group D) were about the same as the values for the intact tendons (Group C); Mann hitney post hoc test (p = 0.05). The ratios of the peak force at failure (B/A and D/C) were calculated for further verification of the influence of hMSC treatment (see Figure 3B). In Figure 3B, Group I represents the peak force ratios of hMSC-untreated defects, and Group II represents the peak force rati.
