Tabolic/endocrine Musculoskeletal/skin Hematologic ICU: intensive care unit; SD: standard deviation#Stage 1# (Developmental data set) 916 43.4 ?7.6 69.6 ?31.9 60.6 56.4 24.1 10.7 8.7 47.3 12.2 40.5 36.6 1.1 ?2.3 83.0 23.1 18.8 3.7 20.1 20.6 22.3 18.2 17.1 11.1 7.1 2.6 0.5 0.Stage 2* (Validation data set) 195 43.6 ?18.5 63.3 ?33.1 61.5 53.3 27.2 11.3 8.2 49.7 10.8 39.5 35.4 0.8 ?1.7 86.7 35.9 16.9 4.1 21.5 19.0 19.0 20.5 16.4 9.2 9.2 1.5 1.5 3.Overall 1,111 43.5 ?17.7 68.5 ?32.2 60.8 55.9 24.7 10.8 8.6 47.7 12.0 40.3 36.4 1.1 ?2.2 83.6 25.4 18.5 3.8 20.3 20.3 21.7 18.6 17.0 10.8 7.5 2.4 0.7 0.Data collected from 1 January 2009 to 31 December* Data collected from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2010 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151949.tPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151949 March 23,6 /Bayesian Approach in Modeling Intensive Care Unit Risk of Deathadmissions had no Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on the first day of ICU admission as these patients were either sedated or paralyzed. Patients were mostly admitted from the ward/recovery room (48 ) and operating room/ emergency room (40 ). Non-operative and post-operative admissions were almost equally distributed. However, the percentage of emergency surgery patients was much higher compared to the percentage of elective surgeries. The majority of post-operative admissions were due to trauma, with a high percentage coming from road accident patients who were BLU-554MedChemExpress BLU-554 transferred from the Accident and Emergency unit. On the other hand, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were the main causes of ICU admission for the non-operative admissions. The ICU recorded low number of admissions for patients with musculoskeletal/skin and hematologic diseases. Admissions to HSA ICU throughout the period of study generally consisted of a younger set of patients, with an overall mean age of 43.5 years (?7.7 years). The majority of younger patients (below age 30 years old) were admitted due to trauma-related illnesses, whereas patients between 30 to 50 years old were mostly admitted because of cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. A large percentage of patients in their 50s and 60s were admitted due to cardiovascular and respiratory ailments, while older patients (> 70 years) were mostly admitted because of gastrointestinal problems. The cohort of patients had a low co-morbidity load, where less than 5 reported that they had at least one chronic health disease. However, approximately 20 of patients revealed j.jebo.2013.04.005 that they had diabetes, where the prevalence of diabetes was higher in older age groups (> 50 years). There was no difference in the prevalence of diabetes among the three major ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian). The total number of in-ICU deaths throughout the period of study was 205 (18.5 ). HSA ICU patients generally exhibited greater degree of severity of illness with higher APS values. The overall mean of first day APS for admissions to HSA ICU throughout the period of study was Necrostatin-1MedChemExpress Necrostatin-1 observed to be high at 68.5. An analysis of the monthly ICU admission rates in year 2009 revealed lower number of admissions in the first two months (January and February). A peak in admissions was observed between August to SART.S23503 December. The majority of admissions in August were due to respiratory diseases. This period coincided with the national flu pandemic that involved the A(H1N1) virus. Trauma patients formed a high percentage of admissions from October to December. The increase in trauma admissions was mostly due to road a.Tabolic/endocrine Musculoskeletal/skin Hematologic ICU: intensive care unit; SD: standard deviation#Stage 1# (Developmental data set) 916 43.4 ?7.6 69.6 ?31.9 60.6 56.4 24.1 10.7 8.7 47.3 12.2 40.5 36.6 1.1 ?2.3 83.0 23.1 18.8 3.7 20.1 20.6 22.3 18.2 17.1 11.1 7.1 2.6 0.5 0.Stage 2* (Validation data set) 195 43.6 ?18.5 63.3 ?33.1 61.5 53.3 27.2 11.3 8.2 49.7 10.8 39.5 35.4 0.8 ?1.7 86.7 35.9 16.9 4.1 21.5 19.0 19.0 20.5 16.4 9.2 9.2 1.5 1.5 3.Overall 1,111 43.5 ?17.7 68.5 ?32.2 60.8 55.9 24.7 10.8 8.6 47.7 12.0 40.3 36.4 1.1 ?2.2 83.6 25.4 18.5 3.8 20.3 20.3 21.7 18.6 17.0 10.8 7.5 2.4 0.7 0.Data collected from 1 January 2009 to 31 December* Data collected from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2010 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151949.tPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151949 March 23,6 /Bayesian Approach in Modeling Intensive Care Unit Risk of Deathadmissions had no Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on the first day of ICU admission as these patients were either sedated or paralyzed. Patients were mostly admitted from the ward/recovery room (48 ) and operating room/ emergency room (40 ). Non-operative and post-operative admissions were almost equally distributed. However, the percentage of emergency surgery patients was much higher compared to the percentage of elective surgeries. The majority of post-operative admissions were due to trauma, with a high percentage coming from road accident patients who were transferred from the Accident and Emergency unit. On the other hand, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were the main causes of ICU admission for the non-operative admissions. The ICU recorded low number of admissions for patients with musculoskeletal/skin and hematologic diseases. Admissions to HSA ICU throughout the period of study generally consisted of a younger set of patients, with an overall mean age of 43.5 years (?7.7 years). The majority of younger patients (below age 30 years old) were admitted due to trauma-related illnesses, whereas patients between 30 to 50 years old were mostly admitted because of cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. A large percentage of patients in their 50s and 60s were admitted due to cardiovascular and respiratory ailments, while older patients (> 70 years) were mostly admitted because of gastrointestinal problems. The cohort of patients had a low co-morbidity load, where less than 5 reported that they had at least one chronic health disease. However, approximately 20 of patients revealed j.jebo.2013.04.005 that they had diabetes, where the prevalence of diabetes was higher in older age groups (> 50 years). There was no difference in the prevalence of diabetes among the three major ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian). The total number of in-ICU deaths throughout the period of study was 205 (18.5 ). HSA ICU patients generally exhibited greater degree of severity of illness with higher APS values. The overall mean of first day APS for admissions to HSA ICU throughout the period of study was observed to be high at 68.5. An analysis of the monthly ICU admission rates in year 2009 revealed lower number of admissions in the first two months (January and February). A peak in admissions was observed between August to SART.S23503 December. The majority of admissions in August were due to respiratory diseases. This period coincided with the national flu pandemic that involved the A(H1N1) virus. Trauma patients formed a high percentage of admissions from October to December. The increase in trauma admissions was mostly due to road a.
