Of serum that inhibited hemagglutination. HI antibody titers were summarized with the criteria conventionally used to assess the immunogenicity of influenza Dimethyloxallyl Glycine supplier vaccines: geometric mean titer (GMT), geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR), seroprotection rate (proportion with titers 1:40), seroconversion rate (proportion with preget PHA-739358 vaccination titers ,1:10 and a postvaccination titer 1:40, or a prevaccination titer 1:10, and 4-fold increase after vaccination) [11].Acceptance and toleranceTo assess how injection site reactions are perceived and how this perception affects acceptance of vaccination and willingness to be vaccinated in the future, a structured, self-administered questionnaire designed for this purpose was given to patients and completed 21 days after vaccination. The vaccinees’ perception of injection questionnaire (VAPI questionnaire; with permission of Sanofi Pasteur) [9] was developed to assess subjects’ perception and attitudes concerning influenza vaccination and any injection site reactions that may occur. In brief, the VAPI questionnaire comprises 4 dimensions (“bother from injection site reaction”; “arm movement”; “sleep”; “acceptability”) and a number of items each measuring a different aspect of subjects’ perceptions following injection. Each question is answered by selecting a response from a five-point rating scale (1, Not at all; 2, A little; 3, Moderately; 4, Very; 5, Extremely) and yes or no when appropriate. In addition, systemic adverse events commonly associated with influenza vaccine were recorded (fever, malaise, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, irritability and somnolence) occurring within 21 days and serious adverse events or death within 6 months of vaccination.Patients and methodsAs standard of care, vaccination against (H1N1) influenza A was offered to adult ( 18 years of age) patients with CHC, referred for hepatitis C virus treatment assessment, and IBD patients receiving immunosuppression therapy during at least 3 months. They were recruited consecutively during outpatient visits at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands between November 2009 and March 2010, and followed during at least 6 months. We excluded patients who had previously been vaccinated against 2009 (H1N1) influenza A, those with documented (H1N1) influenza A infection, a known allergy to eggs or other components of the vaccine, or pregnancy. Previous seasonal influenza vaccination was not an exclusion criterion. Reasons against vaccination given by patients who refused to participate were also recorded. Medical records were used to retrieve information on hepatitis C virus regarding virus genotype, viral load and other hematological parameters. In those patients receiving hepatitis C virus treatment, the type of pegylated-interferon, ribavirin dose and sustained virological response (SVR) were recorded. Concerning IBD patients, we also recorded the type of disease and immunosuppression treatment at the time of vaccination (azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate or anti-tumour necrosis factor agents) as well as blood test results.Statistical analysisThe baseline and post-vaccination GMT and GMTR of HI antibody titers were obtained for each group. After verifying normal distribution of the data with Kolgomorov-Smirnoff test, Log HA antibody titers were compared using ANOVA, and posthoc comparisons were carried out with Tukeys HSD test. HI antibody titers below 1:10 were assigned a value of 1:5 for.Of serum that inhibited hemagglutination. HI antibody titers were summarized with the criteria conventionally used to assess the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines: geometric mean titer (GMT), geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR), seroprotection rate (proportion with titers 1:40), seroconversion rate (proportion with prevaccination titers ,1:10 and a postvaccination titer 1:40, or a prevaccination titer 1:10, and 4-fold increase after vaccination) [11].Acceptance and toleranceTo assess how injection site reactions are perceived and how this perception affects acceptance of vaccination and willingness to be vaccinated in the future, a structured, self-administered questionnaire designed for this purpose was given to patients and completed 21 days after vaccination. The vaccinees’ perception of injection questionnaire (VAPI questionnaire; with permission of Sanofi Pasteur) [9] was developed to assess subjects’ perception and attitudes concerning influenza vaccination and any injection site reactions that may occur. In brief, the VAPI questionnaire comprises 4 dimensions (“bother from injection site reaction”; “arm movement”; “sleep”; “acceptability”) and a number of items each measuring a different aspect of subjects’ perceptions following injection. Each question is answered by selecting a response from a five-point rating scale (1, Not at all; 2, A little; 3, Moderately; 4, Very; 5, Extremely) and yes or no when appropriate. In addition, systemic adverse events commonly associated with influenza vaccine were recorded (fever, malaise, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, irritability and somnolence) occurring within 21 days and serious adverse events or death within 6 months of vaccination.Patients and methodsAs standard of care, vaccination against (H1N1) influenza A was offered to adult ( 18 years of age) patients with CHC, referred for hepatitis C virus treatment assessment, and IBD patients receiving immunosuppression therapy during at least 3 months. They were recruited consecutively during outpatient visits at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands between November 2009 and March 2010, and followed during at least 6 months. We excluded patients who had previously been vaccinated against 2009 (H1N1) influenza A, those with documented (H1N1) influenza A infection, a known allergy to eggs or other components of the vaccine, or pregnancy. Previous seasonal influenza vaccination was not an exclusion criterion. Reasons against vaccination given by patients who refused to participate were also recorded. Medical records were used to retrieve information on hepatitis C virus regarding virus genotype, viral load and other hematological parameters. In those patients receiving hepatitis C virus treatment, the type of pegylated-interferon, ribavirin dose and sustained virological response (SVR) were recorded. Concerning IBD patients, we also recorded the type of disease and immunosuppression treatment at the time of vaccination (azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate or anti-tumour necrosis factor agents) as well as blood test results.Statistical analysisThe baseline and post-vaccination GMT and GMTR of HI antibody titers were obtained for each group. After verifying normal distribution of the data with Kolgomorov-Smirnoff test, Log HA antibody titers were compared using ANOVA, and posthoc comparisons were carried out with Tukeys HSD test. HI antibody titers below 1:10 were assigned a value of 1:5 for.
