The reality that the successful hybrid was carefully grouped to other hybrids sampled from the Feldmochinger See group , gives proof Afatinibthat this clone was made by neighborhood parental species rather than getting a migrant . In fact, in a related overwintering experiment as conducted in our study, Daphnia clones from the identical species intricate showed a much shorter lifespan and a lower quantity of offspring made per fecund feminine, compared to up to 212 days and 2-81 offspring for every fecund woman in our experiment. In contrast to Daphnia from Feldmochinger See, nevertheless, the other clones originated from massive and deep pre-alpine lakes, which may be much less dramatically impacted by wintertime. Thus, these other Daphnia might not have been exposed to selective pressure robust ample to favor specified genotypes possessing these adaptive characteristics. It has to be observed, even so, that the second highest fecundity in the overwintering experiment was observed for the hybrid clone that also originated from a large and deep pre-alpine lake Ammersee . Further parameters than substantial fluctuations in hydrodynamic aspects may be selecting for overwintering success in hybrids.The possibly superior trait of the successful hybrid, i.e. overwintering strategy via asexual reproduction, is even more supported by the fact that this clone was the only a single that was detected throughout more than 1 12 months. Thus, its clonal offspring need to have survived winter in the drinking water column, even though other clones may have unsuccessful at that stage. Indeed, the survival and later on dominance of the successful hybrid seems to be activated by strong winters. Even although no considerable correlation in between energy of winter and the abundance of the successful hybrid was detected with the accessible information the successful hybrid dominated the Daphnia communities following two winters with cheapest NAO indices. Surprisingly, in the winter with the 2nd most damaging NAO-Index , no ice was detected on the Feldmochinger See. Therefore, in this method, the thickness of ice was not correlated with the regular wintertime temperature inside of the research period of six years.
